Prosedan (Medetomidine HCl) (Domitor, Sedator, Madison analog) for Sedation and Analgesia in exams, minor surgeries, 10ml

To stop the sedative, analgesic effect of  Prosedan in dogs and cats, it is recommended to use the antidote Reversan

1 ml of the drug contains:

medetomidine hydrochloride – 1 mg

Description

The liquid is colorless, transparent.

Pharmacological properties

Medetomidine is a highly selective antagonist of broad-spectrum alpha-2-adrenoceptors. It has a strong central and peripheral sympatholytic effect due to the reduced release of norepinephrine from the sympathetic nerve endings. The sedative effect is due to inhibition of excitation of the blue spot, the main noradrenergic nucleus in the brain stem. By acting on this site, medetomidine has a sedative effect, the strength of which depends on the dose: small doses give a moderate sedative effect without analgesia, large – a pronounced sedative effect with analgesia.

Medetomidine causes typical hemodynamic changes mediated by alpha-2-adrenoceptors, such as bradycardia and hypotension or hypertension. In small doses, it reduces heart rate and blood pressure, and in large doses, it has a vasoconstrictive effect. At slow infusion reduces heart rate and arterial pressure, and at fast introduction activates extrasynaptic alpha-2-adrenoreceptors of peripheral vessels therefore peripheral vasoconstrictive effects prevail, and bradycardia becomes more expressed.

After the intramuscular injection is rapidly absorbed and distributed in the body, the maximum concentration in the blood is reached in 15-30 minutes. 85-90% binds to serum proteins. Oxidized in the liver, a small part is methylated in the kidneys. Most metabolites are excreted in the urine. The half-life is 1-2 hours.

Indication

The drug is used:

• dogs – for sedation and analgesia during examinations, diagnostic, prophylactic and therapeutic manipulations, for premedication before general anesthesia, general anesthesia with propofol or ketamine, as a sedative and analgesic (in combination with butorphanol);
• cats – for sedation, induction of general anesthesia during surgery (in combination with ketamine), sedation and analgesia (in combination with butorphanol), general anesthesia (in combination with butorphanol and ketamine);
• sport horses – for sedation and analgesia during examinations, minor surgeries and diagnostic manipulations, premedication under injection or inhalation anesthesia.

Method of application and dosage

The drug is administered to dogs intravenously, intramuscularly or subcutaneously, to cats – intramuscularly or subcutaneously, to horses – intravenously. The fastest effect occurs after intravenous administration. To prolong the sedative and analgesic effect after 10-15 minutes, the drug can be re-introduced.

Doses of the drug for different species of animals are listed in the table.

*Kilograms to a Pounds conversion table

The dose of the drug is chosen depending on the desired effect, individual characteristics and breed of the animal. For dogs of small breeds, the dose should be higher than for large dogs.

The maximum effect occurs in 10-15 minutes, the action lasts 0.5-1.5 hours. To prolong it, the drug can be re-administered.

It is recommended to transfer the animal to a starvation diet 12 hours before anesthesia.

For premedication, the drug is administered intravenously over 10 minutes, intramuscularly – for 20 minutes. Intravenous administration of the drug should be carried out slowly, over 30-45 seconds.

Overdose leads to delayed awakening of the animal after anesthesia (sedation).

In order to eliminate the cardio-respiratory effects and overdose, the introduction of alpha-2 antagonists (  Reverson ) is recommended .

In case of slow awakening, symptomatic therapy is performed.

Reservation

After administration of the drug may decrease heart rate and atrioventricular block or bradypnea with temporary apnea. The respiratory rate may also decrease and cardiac arrest may occur. When circulatory and respiratory depression are suppressed, lung ventilation and oxygenation should be performed.

Immediately after administration, it is possible to reduce blood pressure, which then returns to almost normal values. The pressure can also be reduced when using the drug in large doses and with rapid administration.

The drug can cause vomiting, especially in cats, a few minutes after administration and after waking up from anesthesia.

In some cases, hyperglycemia may develop due to suppression of insulin secretion, and sometimes – pulmonary edema.

1.5-2 hours after application of the drug register urination. Muscle tremors and increased sensitivity to loud sounds can be observed.

In dogs weighing less than 10 kg, side effects occur more often. In horses after administration of the drug may occur transient arrhythmia, incoordination, increased sweating. Occasionally there is a slight tremor of individual muscles or muscle groups and uncontrolled urination. Blood pressure rises slightly at first, but then returns to normal.

Before administration of the drug should conduct a clinical examination of animals and carefully prescribe the drug in the presence of diseases of the liver, kidneys, cardiovascular system, poor general condition, as well as young and old animals.

Before using the drug and for 12 hours after the end of the manipulation, the animal should be kept in a warm and cozy place. Procedures are performed 10-30 minutes after administration and only after sedation.

When used with other sedatives or analgesics (thiopental, halothane, propofol, etc.), their dose is reduced by 50-90%.

After using the drug, animals should not be fed and watered until complete recovery of swallowing reflexes.

When working with the drug should use rubber gloves. In case of contact with skin, rinse immediately with running water.

If you accidentally inject the drug yourself, see a doctor immediately and show him a sheet-tab for the drug (do not get behind the wheel of a car!).

Contraindication

Do not prescribe to animals with hypersensitivity to the active substance of the drug, diseases of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, liver and kidney disorders, animals in shock, pregnant, lactating, exhausted and weakened animals.

Do not use together with amines that have a sympathomimetic effect and anticholinergic drugs.

Do not prescribe to puppies under 12 weeks of age and productive animals.

Storage conditions

In a dry, dark place, out of reach of children at a temperature of +8 to +25 ° C.

After opening the vial, store the drug in the refrigerator and use within 30 days.

Expiration date

2 years.