Structure
dexmedetomidine hydrochloride – 100 μg, which corresponds to the content of dexmedetomidine – 80 μg.
Excipients: methyl parahydroxybenzoate, propyl parahydroxybenzoate, sodium chloride, water d / i.
Pharmacological (biological) properties and effects
Dexmedetomidine, which is part of the drug Dexdomitor®, is a strong selective alpha2-adrenergic agonist, the main action of which is to inhibit the transmission of nerve impulses in adrenergic synapses by competing with norepinephrine. Under the action of the drug, the central nervous system develops in animals, the pain threshold rises. The action of dexmedetomidine is dose dependent: small doses have moderate sedation without analgesia, while high doses cause significant sedation and analgesia.
Dexmedetomidine is well absorbed after injection, quickly distributed in the body and easily overcomes the BBB. The concentration of the drug in the blood reaches a maximum after 15-30 minutes. More than 90% of the drug binds to blood plasma proteins. The half-life in dogs is 40-50 minutes, in cats – 60 minutes. Dexmedetomidine is metabolized in the liver and excreted mainly by the kidneys.
According to the degree of exposure to the body, dexmedetomidine is classified as a highly hazardous substance (hazard class 2).
Indications for use
to obtain sedation and analgesia in dogs and cats during surgery, various clinical studies;
to prevent the aggressiveness of animals.
It is recommended to use the premedication medication under general anesthesia.
Application procedure
Dexdomitor® is administered intravenously or intramuscularly to dogs, intramuscularly to cats.
The dose of the drug is selected depending on the desired effect, individual characteristics and breed of animal. High doses cause pronounced sedation and analgesia, low doses have only a sedative effect. Small breed dogs require a higher dose of the drug than large dogs.
The use of dexmedetomidine as a sedative in dogs and cats significantly reduces the amount of drug needed to induce anesthesia, so intravenous anesthetics should be administered with caution and the condition of the animal should be closely monitored.
The amount of inhaled anesthetics to maintain anesthesia is also reduced.
To achieve sedation and analgesia, Dexdomitor® containing 0.1 mg / ml dexmedetomidine is used in the following doses: for dogs – 0.5-2 ml / 10 kg of body weight; cats – 0.5 ml / kg body weight; Dexdomitor® containing 0.5 mg / ml dexmedetomidine in the following doses: for dogs – 0.1-0.8 ml / 10 kg body weight; cats – 0.1 ml / kg body weight.
Doses of dexmedetomidine in dogs are calculated per unit of body surface area (μg / m2): i / v – up to 375 μg / m2 of body surface area; i / m – up to 500 μg / m2 body surface area.
When administered together with butorphanol (0.1 mg / kg) for deep sedation and analgesia, the dose of dexmedetomidine for intramuscular administration is 300 μg / m2 of body surface area. The dose of dexmedetomidine as a drug for premedication is 125-375 μg / m2 body surface area, it is administered 20 minutes before induction for procedures requiring anesthesia. The dose should be adjusted depending on the type of surgery, the duration of the procedure, and the temperament of the animal.
The combined use of dexmedetomidine and butorphanol causes a sedative and analgesic effect, starting no later than 15 minutes after administration, and reaching a maximum within 30 minutes after administration. The sedative effect lasts for at least 120 minutes after administration, the analgesic effect lasts for at least 90 minutes. Full recovery of consciousness occurs within 3 hours.
Premedication with dexmedetomidine significantly reduces the dose of inducing agent needed and reduces the amount of inhaled anesthetic to maintain anesthesia. To achieve anesthesia, together with propofol and thiopental, their doses are reduced by 30% and 60%, respectively. Dexmedetomidine helps to achieve postoperative analgesia within 0.5-4 hours, but this period depends on a number of factors, and the next dose of analgesics should be administered according to clinical judgment.
Doses based on dog weight are shown in the following tables.
The use of a calibrated syringe is recommended to ensure accurate dosing for small volumes.
Special instructions and measures for personal prevention
The safety of Dexdomitor® for pregnant and lactating animals has not been established, therefore it is not recommended to use the drug in pregnant and lactating animals.
Dexdomitor® potentiates the effect of drugs that depress the central nervous system: tranquilizers, sedatives, drugs for general anesthesia. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the dose accordingly.
Dexdomitor® is not intended for use in productive animals.
Personal prevention measures
When working with Dexdomitor®, you should follow the general rules of personal hygiene and safety measures provided for when working with medicines. At the end of work, you should thoroughly wash your hands with warm water and soap.
In case of accidental contact of the drug with the skin or mucous membranes of the eyes, they should be rinsed with plenty of water. People with hypersensitivity to the components of Dexdomitor® should avoid direct contact with the drug. In case of allergic reactions or accidental ingestion of the drug into the human body, you should immediately contact a medical institution (you should have instructions for use or a label with you), you should not drive a car.
Empty vials from under the medicinal product must not be used for domestic purposes, they must be disposed of with household waste.
Storage conditions
The drug should be stored in the manufacturer’s sealed packaging in a dry place, protected from direct sunlight, out of reach of children, separately from food and feed, at a temperature of 2 ° C to 25 ° C.
Dispose of unused product in accordance with legal requirements.
Packaging
Packaged in 15 ml glass bottles, sealed with rubber stoppers, reinforced with aluminum caps, equipped with plastic caps for the first opening control. Vials are packed in individual cardboard boxes complete with instructions for use.
Shelf life
The shelf life under the storage conditions is 3 years from the date of production, after the first opening of the bottle – 28 days, after mixing in one syringe with ketamine and / or butorphanol – no more than 2 hours. It is prohibited to use Dexdomitor® after the expiration date.